Chapter 4

IntroductionChapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3 • Chapter 4 • Chapter 5Chapter 6Chapter 7Chapter 8

LITERATURE ON ELEMENTARY CLASSROOM TEACHER EDUCATION IN MUSIC

Note: This chapter also includes studies on teacher education for teachers of early childhood and preschool classes. For studies pertaining to field work in elementary classroom (early childhood and preschool) teacher education teacher education in music, see Chapter Three. For studies pertaining to elementary general music teacher education in music, see Chapter Five.

Abejo, Sister Mary Placid Casio. “Recommended Structures for the Professional Training Services of Classroom Music Teachers in Catholic Schools in Manila.” Ph.D. diss., The University of Michigan, 1975.

Akel, Karen E. T. “An Investigation of Teacher Behaviors of Non-Music Majors Trained in Behavioral Observations.” Ph.D. diss., The University of Kentucky, 1994.

Apfelstadt, Hilary. “Do We Have to Sing? Factors Affecting Elementary Education Majors’ Attitudes Toward Singing.” UPDATE: Applications of Research in Music Education 8 (fall—winter 1989): 24—27.

Barbour, Richard E. “A Survey and Evaluation of the Music Courses Offered in Maine Training Schools for Prospective Classroom Teachers.” Master’s thesis, Boston University, 1953.

Barnes, Robert A. “Programmed Instruction in Music Fundamentals for Future Elementary Teachers.” Journal of Research in Music Education 12 (fall 1964): 187—198.

Barry, Nancy H. “Developing a Teacher’s Portfolio in a University Music Methods Course.” UPDATE: Applications of Research in Music Education 15 (fall—winter 1996): 22—27.

_____. “Music and Education in the Elementary Music Methods Class.” Journal of Music Teacher Education 2 (fall 1992): 16—23.

_____. “Promoting Reflective Practice in an Elementary Music Methods Course.” Journal of Music Teacher Education 5 (spring 1996): 6—13.

Barry, Nancy H., and Diane DeNicola Orlovsky. “Song Leading Effectiveness of Undergraduate Education Majors: A Comparison of Student Self-Ratings and Expert Ratings under Three Conditions.” Contributions to Music Education 24 (spring 1997): 23.

Beloof, Elmer R. “Music in General Education for Teachers.” Ed.D. diss., Teachers College, Columbia University, 1950.

Belstrom, LaVere E. “A Study of the Pre-Service Training of the Elementary School Teacher in the Teaching of Music.” Ed.D. diss., University of Colorado, 1950.

Bennett, Peggy D.. “On Preparing Classroom Teachers to Teach Music: Rethinking Expectations.” Journal of Music Teacher Education 1 (spring 1992): 22—27.

Bornn, Hugh O. “Resources for a Program of Music Study for the Elementary Classroom Teachers of the Virgin Islands.” Ed.D. diss., Teachers College, Columbia University, 1964.

Bourne, Warren. “Music Education in Teacher Training.” Australian Journal of Music Education 1 (1988).

Bowers, Judy K. “The Relationship of Sequential Patterns to the Music Teaching Effectiveness of Elementary Education Majors.” Ph.D. diss., The Louisiana State University, 1990.

_____. “Sequential Patterns and the Music Teaching Effectiveness of Elementary Education Majors.” Journal of Research in Music Education 45 (fall 1997): 428—443.

Boyd, Silas L. “The Music Preparation of General Elementary Teachers in State- Supported Colleges and Universities.” Mus.Ed.D. diss., Indiana University, 1961.

Bradford, Henry, Jr. “Teaching Fundamentals of Music to Freshmen Education Students Through the Use of Music Literature at Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical College, Normal, Alabama.” Ed.D. diss., Teachers College, Columbia University, 1961.

Brown, John H. “Competences Eight Accredited Tennessee Institutions Are Attempting to Develop in Elementary School Teachers.” Ed.D. diss., George Peabody College for Teachers, 1960.

Brown, Richard L. “A Descriptive Study of College Level Music Courses for Elementary Education Majors at NASM Institutions in the Western Great Lakes Region of the United States.” Ph.D. diss., Michigan State University, 1988.

Byo, Susan J. “Classroom Teachers’ and Music Specialists’ Perceived Ability to Implement the National Standards for Music Education.” Journal of Research in Music Education 47 (summer 1999): 111—123.

_____. “General Education Classroom Teachers’ and Music Specialists’ Perceived Ability to Implement the National Standards for Music Education.” Ed.D. diss., Florida Atlantic University, 1997.

Cassidy, Jane W. “The Effect of Training in Intensity of Accuracy of Instruction and Effectiveness of Delivery Among Preservice Elementary Education Majors in a Music Setting.” Ph.d. diss., The Florida State University, 1988.

Cawthorn, Mildred G. “A Plan for the Teaching of Musicianship and Music Materials Classes to Elementary Education Majors at San Diego State College.” Ed.D. diss., Teachers College, Columbia University, 1960.

Chen, Yun-Chu. “Development of Taiwanese Folk Songs for Elementary Schools: A Curriculum for Undergraduate Music Education Programs.” Ed.D. diss., Columbia University Teachers College, 2000.

Churchley, Franklin Eugene. “Functional Piano for Teachers.” Canadian Music Educator 3 (May —June 1962): 41.

Clifford, Timothy F. “The Musical Preparation of the Elementary Teacher.” Ph.D. diss., Boston University, 1955.

Colwell, Cynthia M. “Effect of Self-Evaluation and Teaching Setting on Teacher Intensity Behaviors among Preservice Elementary Education Majors Enrolled in a Music Methods Course.” Ph.D. diss, Louisiana State University, 1993.

Corbin, Lynn A. “The Effects of Videotape Feedback on Pre-Service Elementary Teachers’ Abilities to Evaluate the Teaching of Music.” Contributions to Music Education 16 (1989): 87—99.

Craft, John W. “A Program of Voice Development Supplementing a Course in Elementary School Music for the Classroom Teacher.” Ed.D. diss., Teachers College, Columbia University, 1954.

Crawford, Mary Catherine. “The Educational Philosophy of Maxine Greene: The Role of the Arts in Teacher Education.” Ed.D. diss., Temple University, 1987.

Dachoff, Dacho. “Purposes, Objectives, and Recommendations for the Improvement of the Non-Specialist Music Education Program at Ferris Institute.” Ed.D. diss., Wayne State University, 1963.

Daniskas, John. “Music in the Elementary School and the Musical training of the Classroom Teacher in the Netherlands.” In International Seminar on Teacher Education in Music, ed. Marguerite V. Hood, 378—382. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan, 1967.

de l’Etoile, Shannon K. “An In-Service Training Program in Music for Child-Care Personnel Working with Infants and Toddler
s.” Journal of Research in Music Education 49 (Spring 2001): 6—20.

Dimmick, Penny G. “Piano Instruction in Music Methods Classes for Elementary Education Majors: A Case Study.” D.A. diss., Ball State University, 1994.

Dobbe, Kevin R. “A Study of Varied Use of Interactive and Presentation Software Programs in a Music Fundamentals Course for Non-Majors.” Ph.D. diss., University of Minnesota, 1998.

Drew, Edward J. “An Application of the Manhattanville Music Curriculum Program to the Preparation in Music of Elementary School Classroom Teachers.” D.Mus.A. diss., Boston, University, 1974.

Dunston, Permilla F. “A Critical Analysis of the Music Programs in the Small Liberal Arts Colleges of North Carolina as They Relate to the Preparation of the Elementary Classroom Teachers and the Public School Music Teachers.” Ph.D. diss., University of Connecticut, 1965.

Eby, Jane M. “The Relationship Between Selected Factors Concerning Elementary Education Majors and Their Achievements in Specified Music Fundamentals Classes.” Mus.Ed.D. diss., Indiana University, 1969.

Edelfelt, Roy A. “The Improvement of Instruction in Music in Teachers College Preparing Elementary School Teachers.” Ed.D. diss., Teachers College, Columbia University, 1954.

Edward, Paul M. “The Relationship of Aesthetic Judgments in Music Personality Characteristics and Music Training in Prospective Elementary Teachers.” Ed.D. diss., University of Colorado, 1966.

Evans, Carl H. “A Study of Factors Affecting the Attitude of the Elementary Classroom Teacher Toward Teaching Music.” Ph.D. diss., Northwestern University, 1958.

Fanos, Stavroula A. “A Study of the Relative Efficiency of Two Methods for Teaching Classroom Teachers to Play Chords at the Piano.” Ed.D. diss., University of Maryland, 1970.

Fleming, Jesse L. “The Determination of Musical Experiences Designed to Develop the Musical Competencies Required of Elementary School Teachers in Maryland.” Ed.D. diss., New York University, 1951.

_____. “The Determination of Musical Experiences Designed to Develop the Musical Competencies Required of Elementary School Teachers in Maryland.” Journal of Research in Music Education 1 (spring 1953): 58—67.

Flowers, Patricia J. “The Effects of Teaching and Learning Experiences, Tempo, and Mode on Undergraduates’ and Children’s Symphonic Music Preferences.” Journal of Research in Music Education 36 (spring 1988): 19—34.

Fox, Donna Brink. “The Musical Education of Early Childhood Majors: All God’s Critters Got a Place in the Choir.” Quarterly Journal of Music Teaching and Learning 4 (spring 1993): 27—35.

Franklin, Jeanne B. “A Survey and Analysis of Music Courses Offered the Prospective Elementary School Classroom Teacher in Teacher-Training Institutions of Southwestern United States.” Master’s thesis, Boston University, 1953.

Friedmann, Mary. “Stimulating Classroom Learning with Small Groups.” Music Educators Journal 76 (October 1989): 53—56.

Fulbright, Helen Floyd. “A Comparison Between Two Methods of Teaching Music Fundamentals to Pre-Service Classroom Teachers.” D.M.A. diss., University of Kentucky, 1970.

Gamble, Sue. “The Elementary Classroom Teacher: An Ally for Music Education.” Music Educators Journal 75 (September 1988): 25—28.

Gauthier, Delores, and Jan McCrary. “Music Courses of Elementary Education Majors: An Investigation of Course Content and Purpose.” Journal of Research in Music Education 4 (summer 1999): 124—134.

Gerber, Linda. “On Preparing Classroom Teachers to Teach Music: The Second Door.” Journal of Music Teacher Education 1 (spring 1992): 22—27.

Gibson, Linda Sue. “A Study of Select College Music Education Professors’ Assessment Practices Regarding Knowledge of Background Musical Experiences of Preservice Elementary Classroom Teachers Enrolled in Elementary Music Methods Course.” Ed.D. diss., University of Central Florida, 1998.

Gifford, Edward. “The Musical Training of Elementary Teachers: Old Problems, New Insights, and Possible Solutions.” British Journal of Music Education 10 (1993): 33—46.

Gillard, David. “A Program in Music Education for Prospective Elementary Teachers with No or Very Limited Background.” Master’s thesis, University of Cincinnati, 1955.

Gilmore, Robert C. “The Exposition and Development of an Aim and Guiding Principles for Teaching Music to Elementary Education Majors at Southwestern Louisiana Institute.” Ed.D. diss., Teachers College, Columbia University, 1957.

Goodwin, Helen E. “A Study of the Needs of In-Service Training for Elementary Teachers in the Fundamentals of Music.” Master’s thesis, Boston University, 1953.

Gray, Tonya Ellen. “The Relationship between the Undergraduate Music Methods Class Curriculum and the Use of Music in the Classrooms of In-Service Elementary Teachers.” D.A. diss., Ball State University, 2000.

Green, Robert. “Primary School Music Curriculum Courses: One Solution.” British Journal of Music Education 12 (July 1995): 113—125.

Hamann, Donald L., and Dawn Baker. “Preservice Elementary Teachers’ Perceptions of Their Comfort with and the Usefulness of Music Teaching Competences.” [The Pennsylvania] Bulletin of Research in Music Education 21 (fall 1995—96): 78—88.

Hansford, Charles H., and Tempie H. Hansford. “Where Are We Heading with Music in the Self-Contained Classroom?” Music Educators Journal 52 (November— December 1965): 67—71.

Hargiss, Genevieve. “The Acquisition of Sight Singing Ability in Piano Classes for Students Preparing to Be Elementary Teachers.” Ed.D. diss. The University of Kansas, 1960.

_____. “The Acquisition of Sight Singing Ability in Piano Classes for Students Preparing to Be Elementary Teachers.” Journal of Research in Music Education 10 (spring 1962): 69—75.

_____. “The Development and Evaluation of Self-Instructional Materials in Music Theory for Elementary Teachers.” Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education 4 (winter 1965): 1—6.

Harle, Rosemary. “Training of Personnel for Implementing Music Programmes in Early Childhood: The Ideal and the Reality.” International Society for Music Education Yearbook (1990): 154—158.

Harter, Virginia R. “Let’s Carry More Than a Tune: Music in Preservice Elementary Teacher Education.” Ed.D. diss., Teachers College, Columbia University, 1950.

Hartsell, O. Michael. “A Plan for Improving the Musical Preparation of Prospective Elementary Teachers at Appalachian State Teachers College.” Ed.D. diss., Teachers College, Columbia University, 1951.

Hawkins, Geraldine D. “Attitudes Toward Mainstreaming Students with Disabilities Among Regular Elementary Music and Physical Educators.” Ph. D. diss., University of Maryland at College Park, 1991.

Holt, Dennis M. “An Evaluation Study of Two Units of Instruction for Providing Prospective Elementary Teachers with an Orientation to Selected Aspects of General Music Teaching and Learning.” Ph.D. diss., The Ohio State University, 1973.

Holz, Beatrice Hill. “The Effect of a Speech-to-Song Approach in the Singing Ranges and Selected Tessituras of Future Elementary Classroom Teachers.” Ph.D. diss., The University of Kentucky, 1996.

Hudson, Lloyd Harden. “A Study of the Effectiveness of Teaching Music Fundamentals and Methods to Prospective Elementary School Classroom Teachers Using Two Different Approaches within a Course.” Mus.Ed.D. diss., Indiana University, 1973.

Hutchinson, Florence W. “Preparation in Music for the Classroom Teacher.” Music Educators Journal 41 (June—July 1955): 26, 28, 30, 40.

Hwong, Nai-Ching Liu. “The Effects of Cooperative and Individualistic Learning Structures on Prospective Elementary Teachers’ Music Achievements and Attitudes.” Ph.D. diss., University of Minnesota, 1986.

Jacobsen, Jeffrey R. “Effectiveness of a Computer-Assisted Instruction Program in Music Fundamentals Applied to Instructi
on for Elementary Education Majors.” D.M.E. diss., University of Northern Colorado, 1986.

Jeanneret, Neryl. “Model for Developing Preservice Primary Teachers’ Confidence to Teach Music.” Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education 133 (summer 1997): 37—44.

_____. “Teaching Music K—6: Confidence and the Preservice Elementary Music Teacher.” In Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Australian Music Education Lecturers Association, 78—91. Melbourne, Australia: Australian Music Education Lectures, 1994.

Johnson, Gerald W. “A Study of the Need for More Adequate In-Service Training Programs for Classroom Teachers in the Negro Elementary Schools of Virginia.” Master’s thesis, Boston University, 1953.

Jones, Juliette H. “The Development of Professional Music Education Courses for Classroom Teachers at the University of Tennessee.” Ed.D. diss., Teachers College, Columbia University, 1958.

Jones, Merlyn. “A Study of Vocal Pitch-Matching Skills among Undergraduate Education Majors Using Classroom Instruments.” UPDATE: Applications of Research in Music Education 7 (spring 1989): 39—41.

Kane, Maryanne J. “The Effects of Teacher Training upon the Developmental Music Aptitude and Music Achievement of Kindergarten Students.” Ph.D. diss., Temple University, 1994.

Kelly, Margaret M. “Effects of Modeling and Discrimination Training on Selected Music Teaching Skills among Elementary Education Majors.” Contributions to Music Education 14 (1987): 42—51.

Kemper, Marjorie. “The Special Needs of Classroom Teachers.” Music Educators Journal 59 (March 1973): 66—70.

Kiely, Dennis K. “An Evaluation of the Competencies of Beginning Elementary Classroom Teachers in Music Theory and Singing in Various Teacher-Training Institutions of New England.” Ed.D. diss., Boston University, 1956.

Kindall Smith, Marsha . “Comparison of Arts Propel and Teacher-Directed Approaches to Teaching Music Education to Preservice Teachers.” Ed.D. diss., Boston University, 2002.

Kinder, Gary A. “A Survey of the Musical Activities of Classroom Teachers with Implications for Undergraduate Music Courses for Elementary Education Majors.” Ed.D. diss., Indiana University, 1987.

Kite, Thomas S., Thomas Smucker, Stan Steiner, and Mina Bayne. “Using Program Music for Interdisciplinary Study.” Music Educators Journal 80 (March 1994): 33—36, 53.

Klein, Arthur R. “Elementary Teachers’ Judgments Regarding the Adequacy of Their Music Preparation.” Ph.D. diss., George Peabody College for Teachers, 1955.

Kluth, Marjorie F. “The Preparation in Music of the General Elementary School Teacher.” Master’s thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1952.

Knox, Winifred I. “A Plan for a Preliminary Music Course Emphasizing Choral and Keyboard Instruments in the Preparation of Classroom Teachers at the State College of Washington.” Ed.D. diss., Teachers College, Columbia University, 1957.

Kuhn, Terry Lee, Gustav Wachhaus, Randall S. Moore, and James E. Pantle. “Undergraduate Nonmusic Major Vocal Ranges.” Journal of Research in Music Education 27 (summer 1979): 68—75.

Kvet, Edward J., and Rosemary C. Watkins. “Success Attributes in Teaching Music as Perceived by Elementary Education Majors.” Journal of Research in Music Education 41 (spring 1993): 70—80.

Lessly, Chris A. “The Effect of Specific Curricular Interventions on the Level of Anxiety of Elementary Education Majors Enrolled in a Music Methods Course.” Ph.D. diss., The University of Kansas, 1996.

Liberales, Jacob. “Developing Selected Musical Concepts for the Pre-Service Elementary School Classroom Teacher Utilizing Programmed Instruction.” Mus.A.D., diss., Boston University, 1975.

Lin, Sheau-Yuh. “Investigation of the Effect of Teacher-Developed Computer-Based Music Instruction on Elementary Education Majors.” Ph.D. diss., University of Illinois, 1994.

Link, Virginia L. “Determining the Desirable Music Experiences that Should be Included in the Training of Elementary Teachers for Texas Schools.” Ph.D. diss., University of Texas, 1954.

Linton, Stanley S. “An Approach to the Preservice Music Experiences of Elementary Classroom Teachers in Wisconsin.” Ed.D. diss., Teachers College, Columbia University, 1952.

_____. “Music for the Preservice Classroom Teacher.” Journal of Research in Music Education 2 (spring 1954): 3—10.

Liske, Kenneth Lee. “The Effects of Type of Web Support and Instructional Mode on the Knowledge and Discrimination of Musical Texture Among Undergraduate Elementary Education Majors.” Ph.D. diss., The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, 1999.

Logan, Joseph C. “An Analysis of In-Service Teacher Evaluations of Teacher Preparatory Courses in Elementary School Music at Florida State University.” Ph.D. diss., The Florida State University, 1966.

_____. “An Analysis of In-Service Teacher Evaluations of Teacher Preparatory Curriculum in Elementary Classroom.” Journal of Research in Music Education 15 (winter 1967): 289—292.

Loring, Lauralee Rose. “Differences in Intentions, Beliefs, and Feelings of Two Groups of Elementary Education Majors Concerning Music Education in the Classroom.” Ph.D. diss., The University of Arizona, 1996.

May, Wanda T. A Summary of the Findings in Art and Music: Research Traditions and Implications for Teacher Education. Elementary Subjects Center Series No. 88. East Lansing, MI: Center for the Learning and Teaching of Elementary Subjects, 1993.

McCoy, Claire Wehr. “Factors Relating to Pitch-Matching Skills of Elementary Education Majors.” Journal of Research in Music Education 45 (fall 1997): 356—366.

McGlothlin, Donald E. “An Investigation of the Efficacy of Ability Grouping Prospective Teachers Enrolled in Elementary Music Methods and Materials Courses.” Ph.D. diss., The University of Iowa, 1970.

McHugh, Catherine F. “Experiences in the Musical Preparation of the Elementary School Teacher at the University of Arkansas.” Ed.D. diss., Teachers College, Columbia University, 1959.

McLellan, Beth. “Music Training for Elementary Teachers.” Music Educators Journal 35 (April 1949): 19, 45, 46.

McLaughlin, Sister Mary Kevin, O.P. “A Survey of Music Activities Materials, and Techniques for Teachers of Elementary Educable Mentally Handicapped Children.” Ph.D. diss., Michigan State University, 1963.

Menousek, George T. “Survey and Analysis of Music in the Elementary Curriculums of State Teachers Colleges in New England.” Master’s thesis, Boston University, 1955.

Mills, Janet. “Primary Student Teachers as Musicians.” Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education 127 (winter 1995—96): 122—126.

Montgomery, Amanda. The Importance of Music Teaching Competencies as Rated by Elementary Classroom Teachers and University Methods Instructors.” Canadian Music Educator 36 (summer 1995): 19—26.

Moore, Randall S. “The Effects of Videotaped Feedback and Self-Evaluation Forms on Teaching Skills, Musicianship and Creativity of Prospective Elementary Teachers.” Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education 47 (summer 1976): 1—7.

Morris, Edith N. “A Comparison of Two Texts for Teaching the Fundamentals of Music and Music Methods to Future Elementary Classroom Teachers.” Ed.D. diss., Colorado State College, 1969.

Mulligan, Mary Ann. “An Application of the Principles of Carl Rogers and Jerome Bruner to a Music Methods Course for Elementary Education Majors.” Ph.D. diss., University of Colorado, 1973.

Murray, Edward P. “The Relationship of Aesthetic Judgments in Music, Personality Characteristics, and Music Training in Prospective Elementary Teachers.” Ed.D. diss., University of California, Berkeley, 1966.

“Musical Competencies for Classroom Teachers: An Initial Report from Task Group IV of the MENC Commission on Teacher Education.” Music Educators Journal
57 (May 1971): 40—41.

Nardo, Rachel L. “California Survey of Music in Early Childhood Teacher Preparation and the Role of the Community College.” Ph.D diss., University of Southern California, 1996.

Nelson, Janice Killian. “A Comparison of Differential Feedback Procedure on Music Teaching Skills of Prospective Elementary and Special Education Teachers.” Ph.D. diss., University of Texas at Austin, 1980.

Newman, Grant H. “The Effects of Programmed Learning on Achievement and Attitude in a Music Course for Classroom Teachers.” Ed.D. diss., University of Illinois, 1966.

Northcutt, Zelma S. “Music Education Courses of Study Proposed for the Elementary Classroom Teacher at Rio Grande College.” Master’s thesis, Ohio University, 1952.

Pappoutsakis, Ippocrates. “A Comparison of Two Methods of Conducting Courses Constituting the Requirement in Music for Elementary Education Students.” Master’s thesis, New England Conservatory of Music, 1955.

Phillips, Kenneth H., and Walter P. Vispoel. “The Effects of Class Voice and Breath- Management Instruction on Vocal Knowledge, Attitudes, and Vocal Performance among Elementary Education Majors.” Quarterly Journal of Music Teaching and Learning 1 (spring 1990): 96—105.

Pratt, Rosalie. “Methods Classes Go to School.” Music Educators Journal 68 (September 1981): 30—31, 47, 51.

Price, Harry E., and Vernon Burnsed. “Classroom Teachers’ Assessments of Elementary Education Music Methods.” UPDATE: Application of Research in Music Education 8 (fall—winter 1989): 28—32.

Rankin, Dorothy L. “The Teaching of the Fundamentals of Music to the Elementary Classroom Teacher.” Master’s thesis, The Ohio State University, 1952.

Rast, Lawrence R. “A Survey and Evaluation of Piano Requirements for Students Enrolled in Programs of Teacher-Training in Elementary Education at Selected Colleges and Universities in the State of Illinois.” Ph.D. diss., Northwestern University, 1964.

Redman, Shirley E. “The Musical Development of the Elementary Classroom Teacher.” Master’s thesis, The Ohio State University, 1954.

Redner, Arthur L. “Music for the Elementary Teacher.” Music Educators Journal 43 (September—October 1956): 24—26.

Reilly, Mary L. “Preschool Teachers Need Music.” Music Educators Journal 55 (April 1969): 40—42.

Richards, Carol. “Early Childhood Preservice Teachers’ Confidence in Singing.” Journal of Music Teacher Education 9 (fall 1999): 6—17.

Richards, Carol, and Richard Killen. “Problems of Beginning Teachers: Perceptions of Beginning Teachers, Perceptions of Preservice Music Teachers.” Research Studies in Music Education 1 (1993): 40.

Richardson, Donald G. “The Teacher and the Cultural Renaissance.” Music Educators Journal 58 (November 1971): 79—80.

Roach, Donald W. “Automated Aural-Visual Music Theory Instruction of Elementary Education Majors.” Journal of Research in Music Education 22 (winter 1974): 313—318.

Roderick, James L. “An Investigation of Selected Factors of the Creative Thinking Ability of Music Majors n a Teacher Training Program.” Ed.D. diss., University of Illinois, 1965.

Rogers, George L., and Rosemary C. Watkins. “The Relationship Between Prior Musical Training and Aural Discrimination Skills of Elementary Education Majors.” Contributions to Music Education 13 (1986): 48—55.

Ross, George R. “An Evaluation of Certain Learning Techniques Introduced in the Required Music Course for Elementary Education Majors at Central Washington College of Education.” Ph.D. diss., Chicago Musical College, 1955.

Scott-Kassner, Carol. “Developing Teachers for Early Childhood Programs.” Music Educators Journal 86 (July 1999): 19—25.

Slagle, Harold C. “An Investigation of the Effect of Seven Methods of Instruction on the Musical Achievement of Elementary Education Majors.” Ed.D. diss., University of Illinois, 1967.

Slind, Lloyd H. “The Music Education of the Classroom teacher.” In International Seminar on Teacher Education in Music, ed. Marguerite V. Hood, 374—377. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan, 1967.

Slind, Lloyd Hilmer. “Music Education for the Classroom Teacher.” Canadian Music Educator 13 (summer 1972): 5—6.

Stroessler, John H.” Music Teaching Competencies of Stanford Elementary Credential Candidates.” Ed.D. diss., Stanford University, 1949.

Sundin, Bertil. “Music in Preschool Teacher Training.” Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education 59 (summer 1979): 107—111.

Teicher, Judith M. “Effect of Multicultural Music Experience on Preservice Elementary Teachers’ Attitudes.” Journal of Research in Music Education 45 (fall 1997): 415—427.

Temmerman, Nita. “An Investigation of Undergraduate Music Education Curriculum Content in primary Teacher Education Programmes in Australia.” International Journal of Music Education 30 (1997): 26—34.

_____. “Undergraduate Teacher Education Music Curricula in Australia.” Journal of Music Teacher Education 7 (spring 1998): 14—21.

Trusler, Milton S. “The Musical Education of Elementary Classroom teachers: A Survey and Appraisal of the Musical Preparation of Elementary Teachers in Arkansas.” Ph.D. diss., Indiana University, 1957.

Tunks, Thomas W. “Attitudes of Elementary Classroom Teachers Toward Elementary General Music: The Effects of Certain Aspects of Preservice Training.” Ph.D. diss., Michigan State University, 1973.

Tuttle T. T. “A Preliminary Study of Affective Shift and Psychomotor Growth in Elementary Education Students While Taking a Music Materials Course.” Contributions to Music Education 6 (1978): 59—72.

Vandenberg, Gretchen C. “Northern California Classroom Teachers’ Perceptions of Their Preparation to Teach Music in Grades Two and Five.” Ed.D. diss., The University of San Francisco, 1993.

Venesile, John A. “The Relationship Among Personality Characteristics, Self—Esteem, and Music Teaching Behaviors in Prospective Elementary Classroom Teachers.” Ph.D. diss., Case Western Reserve University, 1992.

Walker, Robert “Music Education for the Elementary School General Music Lesson.” British Columbia Music Educator 31 (fall 1983): 271—282.

Walley, Colin S. “Music Models and Children’s Play; A Programme of Teacher Preparation for Early Childhood Education.” International Society for Music Education Yearbook 11 (1974): 203.

Wenck, Maude H. “Effective Music Experiences for the Prospective Elementary Classroom Teacher in the State Teachers College in Moorhead, Minnesota.” Ed.D. diss., Teachers College, Columbia University, 1952.

Wheeler, William L. “A Handbook for Teaching Prospective Classroom Teachers How to Explore Music Through Listening, Performing, and Creating.” Ed.D. diss., Teachers College, Columbia University, 1958.

Wolfe, David E., and Judith A. Jellison. “Music and Elementary Education Students’ Evaluations of Music-Teaching Scripts.” Journal of Research in Music Education 38 (winter 1990): 311—321.

Yaw, Perry H. “An Appraisal of the Music Program for Elementary Teachers at State University Teachers College, Potsdam, New York.” Ed.D. diss., Teachers College, Columbia University, 1955.

Zalampas, Miriam S. “Techniques for the Planning, Production and Use of 35 mm. Slides and Cassette Tapes in a Modified Auto-Tutorial Method as Applied to Teaching Selected Music Fundamentals and Skills to Prospective Elementary Classroom Teachers.” D.M.A. diss., University of Kentucky, 1973.